のむ

I

[飲む] ①［飲み物などを］

**drink

|他| 1 【D】 (飲み物)を飲む∥ drink tea with milk ミルクティーを飲む / drink two cups of coffee コーヒーを2杯飲む / (Have you got) anything to drink? 何か飲むものがありますか / What are you drinking? 何を飲んでいますか / Would you like something ［^×anything］ to drink? 何かお飲みになりませんか. 2 【D】 ［SVOC］(飲み物)を…の状態で飲む∥ drink milk hot ［cold］ ミルクを熱くして［冷たいままで］飲む.

**take

|他|【D】 (薬・飲み物)を飲む《◆薬［毒］を飲む時は固体・粉末・液体にかかわらず通例 take》∥ take a cup of tea 紅茶を1杯飲む / Take ［Drink］ this medicine three times a day. 1日3回この薬を飲みなさい《◆液体の薬に限り drink も用いる》.

**have

|他|【D】 (物)を食べる， 飲む《◆進行形可・受身まれ.eat， drink の遠回し語》∥ have coffee for breakfast 朝食にコーヒーを飲む / Will you have another cup of tea? お茶をもう1杯飲みませんか(＝How ［What］ about another cup of tea?).

*sip

|他|【D】 (茶・酒など)を少しずつ飲む， ちびちび飲む(up)∥ We sipped mugs of hot chocolate. 私たちは熱いチョコレートを少しずつ飲んだ.

gulp

|他|(飲み物)をぐっと［がぶがぶ， ごくごく］飲む(down)∥ gulp down a cup of tea 紅茶を1杯ぐっと飲む.

*swallow

|他|【D】 (飲み物など)をごくりと飲む(up)《◆無理に飲みこむ時は down を伴う》∥ He swallowed ［^×drank］ a yellow-and-red capsule. 彼は黄と赤のカプセルを飲んだ.

*suck

|自|〔…を〕吸う〔at， on〕∥ suck at the breast 母親の乳を飲む. ━|他|【D】 (液体)を吸う∥ suck (up) ice coffee through a straw アイスコーヒーをストローで飲む / A baby sucks milk from its mother ［its mother's breast］. 赤ん坊は母親の乳を飲む.

**eat

|他|【D】 …食べる， (スープ)を(スプーンで)飲む∥ eat ［have， take， ^×drink］ soup (with a spoon) (スプーンで)スープを飲む《◆カップに口をつけて直接飲むときは drink ［sip］ soup も可》.

▲I want a drink of water. 水を1杯飲みたい.

②［酒を］

〔飲酒する〕

have a drink

∥ Let's have a drink somewhere. どこかで一杯飲もう.

**drink

|自|【D】 酒を飲む∥ drink and drive 酒を飲んで車を運転する / He doesn't smoke or drink. 彼は酒もタバコも飲まない / He drinks heavily ［hard， 《略式》like a fish］. 彼は大酒を飲む. ━|他|【D】 (酒など)を飲む∥ I usually drink a bottle of beer every day. 私はたいてい毎日ビールを1本飲む / drink half one's earnings 稼ぎの半分を飲んでしまう.

*sip

|自|【D】 〔酒などを/容器から〕少しずつ飲む〔at/from〕∥ sip at the liqueur リキュールをちびちび飲む. ━|他|【D】 (酒・茶など)を少しずつ飲む， ちびちび飲む.

swig

《略式》|自|〔…を〕ぐいぐい飲む〔at〕. ━|他|…をぐいぐい飲む(away， off， down).

swill

《略式》|自|［けなして］ がぶがぶ飲む. ━|他|［時にけなして］ …をがぶがぶ飲む.

▲He took a sip of brandy. 彼はブランデーを一口飲んだ / I feel like a beer. ビールを1杯飲みたい / talk over a glass of wine ワインを飲みながら話す.

③［タバコを］

〔吸う〕

**smoke

|自|【D】 タバコを吸う∥ He smokes heavily. 彼はタバコをたくさん飲む. ━|他|【D】 (タバコ)を吸う∥ She smokes ［has］ 20 cigarettes a day. 彼女は1日に20本タバコを飲む.

II

[呑む] ①［受け入れる］

〔承認する〕

*accept

|他|【D】 (申し出など)を受諾する∥ accept the terms of surrender 降伏条件をのむ

*agree

|自|【S】【D】 〔提案などに〕同意する〔to〕∥ I agree to his proposal. 彼の提案をのむ.

②［軽く見る］

〔軽んじる， ばかにする， 圧倒する〕

underestimate

|他|…を過小評価する， (相手)をのんでかかる

make light of

O (物・人)を軽視する.

③［こらえる］

*suppress

|他|《正式》(笑いなど)を我慢する∥ suppress one's tears 涙をのむ.

飲む
to drink
呑む
to drink
to gulp
to swallow

* * *

I

のむ【呑む】

①［受け入れる］

〔承認する〕

*accept

|他|〖D〗 (申し出など)を受諾する

accept the terms of surrender 降伏条件をのむ

*agree

|自|〖S〗〖D〗 〔提案などに〕同意する〔to〕

I agree to his proposal. 彼の提案をのむ.

②［軽く見る］

〔軽んじる， ばかにする， 圧倒する〕

underestimate

|他|…を過小評価する， (相手)をのんでかかる

make light of

O (物・人)を軽視する.

③［こらえる］

*suppress

|他|《正式》(笑いなど)を我慢する

suppress one's tears 涙をのむ.

II

のむ【飲む】

①［飲み物などを］

**drink

|他| 1 〖D〗 (飲み物)を飲む

drink tea with milk ミルクティーを飲む

drink two cups of coffee コーヒーを2杯飲む

(Have you got) anything to drink? 何か飲むものがありますか

What are you drinking? 何を飲んでいますか

Would you like something ［^×anything］ to drink? 何かお飲みになりませんか.

2 〖D〗 ［SVOC］(飲み物)を…の状態で飲む

drink milk hot ［cold］ ミルクを熱くして［冷たいままで］飲む.

**take

|他|〖D〗 (薬・飲み物)を飲む《◆薬［毒］を飲む時は固体・粉末・液体にかかわらず通例 take》

take a cup of tea 紅茶を1杯飲む

Take ［Drink］ this medicine three times a day. 1日3回この薬を飲みなさい《◆液体の薬に限り drink も用いる》.

**have

|他|〖D〗 (物)を食べる， 飲む《◆進行形可・受身まれ. eat， drink の遠回し語》

have coffee for breakfast 朝食にコーヒーを飲む

Will you have another cup of tea? お茶をもう1杯飲みませんか(＝How ［What］ about another cup of tea?).

*sip

|他|〖D〗 (茶・酒など)を少しずつ飲む， ちびちび飲む(up)

We sipped mugs of hot chocolate. 私たちは熱いチョコレートを少しずつ飲んだ.

gulp

|他|(飲み物)をぐっと［がぶがぶ， ごくごく］飲む(down)

gulp down a cup of tea 紅茶を1杯ぐっと飲む.

*swallow

|他|〖D〗 (飲み物など)をごくりと飲む(up)《◆無理に飲みこむ時は down を伴う》

He swallowed ［^×drank］ a yellow-and-red capsule. 彼は黄と赤のカプセルを飲んだ.

*suck

|自|〔…を〕吸う〔at， on〕

suck at the breast 母親の乳を飲む.

|他|〖D〗 (液体)を吸う

suck (up) ice coffee through a straw アイスコーヒーをストローで飲む

A baby sucks milk from its mother ［its mother's breast］. 赤ん坊は母親の乳を飲む.

**eat

|他|〖D〗 …食べる， (スープ)を(スプーンで)飲む

eat ［have， take， ^×drink］ soup (with a spoon) (スプーンで)スープを飲む《◆カップに口をつけて直接飲むときは drink ［sip］ soup も可》.

▲I want a drink of water. 水を1杯飲みたい.

②［酒を］

〔飲酒する〕

have a drink

Let's have a drink somewhere. どこかで一杯飲もう.

**drink

|自|〖D〗 酒を飲む

drink and drive 酒を飲んで車を運転する

He doesn't smoke or drink. 彼は酒もタバコも飲まない

He drinks heavily ［hard， 《略式》like a fish］. 彼は大酒を飲む.

|他|〖D〗 (酒など)を飲む

I usually drink a bottle of beer every day. 私はたいてい毎日ビールを1本飲む

drink half one's earnings 稼ぎの半分を飲んでしまう.

*sip

|自|〖D〗 〔酒などを/容器から〕少しずつ飲む〔at/from〕

sip at the liqueur リキュールをちびちび飲む.

|他|〖D〗 (酒・茶など)を少しずつ飲む， ちびちび飲む.

swig

《略式》|自|〔…を〕ぐいぐい飲む〔at〕.

|他|…をぐいぐい飲む(away， off， down).

swill

《略式》|自|［けなして］ がぶがぶ飲む.

|他|［時にけなして］ …をがぶがぶ飲む.

▲He took a sip of brandy. 彼はブランデーを一口飲んだ

I feel like a beer. ビールを1杯飲みたい

talk over a glass of wine ワインを飲みながら話す.

③［タバコを］

〔吸う〕

**smoke

|自|〖D〗 タバコを吸う

He smokes heavily. 彼はタバコをたくさん飲む.

|他|〖D〗 (タバコ)を吸う

She smokes ［has］ 20 cigarettes a day. 彼女は1日に20本タバコを飲む.

* * *

のむ【飲む･呑む】

1 〔(酒を除いて)水などを〕 drink; take; have; taste; get a drink; (薬を常用する) use; 〔飲み下す〕 swallow; gulp down.

●飲むもの ＝のみもの

・水を飲む drink water; have [take] a drink of water

・スープを飲む have [take] soup; eat soup 《with a spoon》; drink soup 《from a cup》

・薬を飲む take [have, drink] medicine; swallow a pill [tablet, powder]

・茶を飲む take [have, drink] tea; have [take] a drink of tea; have [take] a cup of tea

・(母)乳を飲む breastfeed; suckle

・井戸の水を飲む drink [get a drink] at [from] a well

・泉[小川]の水を飲む drink from [at] a spring [brook]

・コップで水を飲む drink water from [out of] a glass

・ストローで飲む drink with [through] a straw

・手ですくって飲む scoop 《water》 up (in one's hand) and drink

・水に溶かして飲む take 《a powder》 dissolved in water; dissolve 《powder》 in water and drink it

・鼻をつまんで飲む hold one's nose and drink 《bitter medicine》

・ぐいぐい飲む take large drafts 《of beer》; swig; throw back; 《文》 quaff

・がぶがぶ[ごくごく]飲む gulp down; take big gulps of 《beer》; take a long pull 《at one's beer》

・茶をがぶりと飲む gulp down one's tea

・一口[一息]に飲む put down [swallow] 《a whole glass》 in one [without stopping]; drink off at [in] one [a single] draught

・水を一口飲む have [take] a swallow of water; take a mouthful of water

・牛乳を一日 1 リットル飲む drink [take, have] a liter of milk a day

・お茶を飲みながら話す talk [chat] over 《a cup of tea》

・子供たちが給食で飲んでいる牛乳 the milk the children have with their school meals.

●飲めばやせる薬 a slimming medicine.

●君は何を飲む, 紅茶それともコーヒー. Which will you take [have], tea or coffee? | Will you have coffee or tea?

・昔ここへ小鳥が水を飲みにきた. Birds used to come and drink here.

・お茶をちびちびと飲んだ. She sipped [took a sip of] her tea.

・〔健診で〕 何か現在飲んでいる薬はありますか. Are you taking any medicine(s) [on any drugs] at the moment?

・私はずっと降圧剤を飲んでいる. I've been taking antihypertensives [on drugs to bring down my blood pressure] for a long while.

・どんな味がするかハーブティーを飲んでみた. I tried a cup of herb tea to see what it tasted like [how it tasted].

・私は毎朝野菜ジュースを飲む. I take [have, drink] vegetable juice every morning.

・〔喉が渇いて〕 何か飲みたくてたまらない. I'm desperate for something to drink [a drink]. | I'm terribly thirsty; I need some water.

・私たちが飲んでいる水はこの浄水場できれいにされたものです. The water we drink has been purified at this waterworks [filtration plant].

・ヘビがカエルをのんだ. The snake swallowed a frog.

・誤ってさくらんぼうの種[ガム]をのんでしまった. I swallowed a cherry stone [some chewing gum] by mistake.

・彼は農薬を飲んで自殺した. He took [swallowed] pesticide (and killed himself). | He killed himself [committed suicide] by swallowing insecticide.

2 〔酒を飲む〕 drink; 《文》 imbibe. [⇒のめる¹ 2]

●しょっちゅう飲む人 a person who drinks a lot; a habitual drinker

・ぐうっと飲む take a deep draft [long pull]; drink deep

・ちびちび飲む sip; take little sips

・一杯飲む have a drink; 《口》 wet one's whistle

・一杯飲みたくてたまらない be desperate for a drink; really need a drink

・一杯飲みに出かける go (out) for a drink

・大いに飲む drink heavily [a lot]; have a lot to drink

・飲んで酔っぱらう get drunk

・浴びるように飲む drink sake like water

・体に悪いほど飲む drink so much that it damages one's health; drink a dangerous amount; drink (alcohol) in dangerous quantities.

●酒は飲んでも飲まれるな. Drink if you want, but don't let it show.

・飲んだら乗るな. 乗るなら飲むな. If you drink, don't drive. If you drive, don't drink.

・さあ, 飲め, 飲め. ぐいーっと遠慮なく. O.K., drink (up); come on, drink!

・彼は飲むと始末におえない男だ. When he drinks [is drunk, has had too much], he gets out of control [turns ugly].

・彼女は飲むと面白い. She's funny when she drinks [she's in her cups].

・彼女には飲めば必ず歌う曲がある. There's a song she always sings when she drinks.

・私は 1, 2 杯飲んだだけで赤くなる. A couple of glasses makes me go red.

・あなたはいくら飲んでもちっとも変わらないのね. However much you drink, it seems to have no effect on you. | Alcohol has no effect [doesn't affect] on you at all, does it?

・彼は全部飲んでしまう. He drinks (away) all his money [everything he earns]. | He spends all his money on drink.

・「あなたは飲みますか」「ワインくらいなら少々」 “Do you drink?”―“I can drink a little wine [A little wine is OK].”

・家では飲まない. I don't drink (alcohol) at home.

・彼は少しも飲まない. He doesn't drink at all [a drop]. | He is a (complete) teetotal(l)er.

・彼は酒もたばこも一切飲まない. He doesn't drink or smoke at all.

・おい, 一杯飲んで行こう. Hey, come on! Let's go and have a little drink. | What do you say to [How about] a quick drink?

・お気に召すかどうかこのワインちょっと飲んでみてください. Taste this wine and see if you like it [what you think of it].

・飲む相手がほしい. I want somebody to drink [go drinking] with. | I need a drinking partner.

3 〔喫煙する〕 smoke 《tobacco》.

●たばこをのむ smoke; (一本) smoke a cigarette

・一服のむ have a smoke; smoke.

4 〔大きなものが小さなものを中に取り込む〕 swallow (up); engulf; take in. [⇒のまれる 1]

●波が船をのんだ. The waves engulfed [swallowed up] the vessel.

5 〔表に出さずこらえる〕 keep down; suppress.

●涙を飲む ⇒なみだ

・憎しみをのむ repress one's hatred; not allow one's hatred to show

・息をのむ hold [catch] one's breath; gasp 《in wonder [admiration, fear, surprise]》.

●彼はぎょっとして思わず声をのんだ. He gasped in horror. | He was so terrified that words failed him.

6 〔(提議などを)受諾する〕 accept.

●条件をのむ accept sb's conditions

・要求をのむ accept a demand

・清濁あわせのむ ⇒せいだく

・賠償金を相手ののみやすい金額に設定する put the reparations [indemnification] at a level the other party can reasonably accept.

●それはとてものめない金額だ. That is a totally unacceptable figure [sum].

7 〔軽視する〕 despise; slight; make light of…; think nothing of…; hold sb lightly. [⇒のまれる 2]

●相手をのんでかかる make light [think nothing] of one's adversary; face one's opponent boldly.

8 〔隠し持つ〕 conceal.

●短刀を懐にのむ carry a concealed dagger; carry [wear] a dagger under one's clothes [《文》 in one's bosom].

●凶漢は短刀をのんでいた. The thug had [was carrying] a (hidden) knife. | A dagger was found on the ruffian's person.

飲まず食わず

●飲まず食わずで with nothing to eat or drink; without anything to eat or drink [food or drink]

・3 日間飲まず食わずで漂流した. He drifted without food or drink for three days.

・今日は終日飲まず食わずで歩き回っていた. I've been walking around all day [the whole day] with nothing to eat or drink.

飲む打つ買う 《engage in》 drinking, gambling, and buying women.

飲めや歌え

●飲めや歌えの大騒ぎ an orgy; a noisy drinking party; a rowdy party; a drunken spree; 《文》 revelry

・飲めや歌えの大騒ぎをやる have an orgy [a noisy drinking party]; 《文》 carouse.